Zidovudine: What It Is and How It Works

Zidovudine, also called AZT, is a classic drug that blocks HIV from making new copies of itself. It belongs to the nucleoside reverse‑transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) family, which means it tricks the virus’s enzymes and stops the virus from growing. Doctors usually prescribe it as part of a combination regimen, so it works best when paired with other HIV medicines.

If you’re new to Zidovudine, the first thing to know is that it’s taken by mouth, either as a tablet or a liquid. The dose depends on your weight, other meds you’re on, and whether you’re pregnant. Most adults start with 300 mg twice a day, but your doctor will fine‑tune it for you.

How to Take Zidovudine Safely

Take Zidovudine exactly as your healthcare provider tells you – don’t skip doses or double up if you miss one. The drug works best when you keep a steady level in your blood, so setting a daily reminder can help. If you’re on the liquid form, use a proper measuring device; kitchen spoons aren’t accurate enough.

Food doesn’t have a huge impact, but many people find taking the medication with a meal eases stomach upset. Stay hydrated and try to avoid alcohol in excess, as it can increase the risk of liver problems.

Keep a list of all medicines you’re using – prescription, over‑the‑counter, and herbal supplements. Zidovudine can interact with drugs like didanosine, stavudine, and certain antibiotics, which might raise the chance of side effects.

Common Side Effects and When to Call a Doctor

Most people experience mild issues at first. The most common are nausea, fatigue, and a headache. These often fade after a few weeks as your body gets used to the drug.

Watch out for more serious signs: severe, persistent nausea or vomiting, fever, rash, or unusual bruising. Zidovudine can lower blood cell counts, so if you notice easy bruising, frequent infections, or feeling unusually weak, get medical help right away.

Pregnant users should be extra careful. While Zidovudine helps reduce the chance of mother‑to‑child transmission, it can cause anemia in the baby, so your doctor will monitor both of you closely.

Finally, don’t stop taking Zidovudine without talking to your doctor. Stopping abruptly can let the virus rebound and increase the risk of drug resistance.

Bottom line: Zidovudine is a tried‑and‑tested part of HIV therapy, but it works best when you follow dosing instructions, stay aware of side effects, and keep open communication with your healthcare team.